What is necessary for long-term behavior change after initial external motivation?

Long-term behavior change, particularly in the context of exercise and fitness, is most effectively supported by intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity because it is inherently enjoyable or fulfilling, rather than relying solely on external rewards. This internal drive is crucial because it fosters a deeper commitment to the behavior, making it more likely to be sustained over time.

When individuals shift from being externally motivated—where they might exercise purely for rewards or social approval—to being intrinsically motivated, they are more likely to view regular physical activity as a valuable part of their lifestyle. This transformation can lead to better adherence to exercise routines, as internal satisfaction and personal enjoyment become the primary reasons for continuing the behavior.

Other options address aspects like rewards, assessments, and social environments, which are important but may not sustain motivation in the long run. Continued external rewards can maintain behavior temporarily but don't cultivate a lasting desire to engage in exercise independently. Regular assessment of fitness can provide feedback and goals but does not replace the essential connection to enjoying the activity itself. Group exercise sessions can enhance motivation through social support, yet they may still rely heavily on external factors for encouraging participation. Ultimately, fostering intrinsic motivation is key for lasting behavioral change in exercise psychology.