Which of the following is NOT one of the core processes of Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

Affirming is not one of the core processes of Motivational Interviewing (MI). The primary core processes include engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning. Engaging involves building a respectful and trusting relationship between the practitioner and the client, which is essential for effective communication. Focusing refers to identifying and maintaining a direction within the conversation, ensuring that the discussion remains on the relevant issues that the client faces. Planning involves collaboratively developing a concrete plan of action for change, which helps clients devise strategies and set goals.

While affirming is indeed an important aspect of MI—it helps to support and acknowledge the client's strengths and efforts—it is more of a technique used within the process rather than a core process itself. Affirmation can enhance engagement and rapport, but the foundational processes of MI revolve around building relationships, identifying direction, eliciting motivation, and creating actionable plans. Understanding these core processes helps practitioners effectively apply the principles of MI in various contexts, including exercise psychology.